您可以使用 CrossOver 在 Linux 上运行 Windows 软件。因为 CrossOver 将应用程序集成到您的桌面环境,运行游戏(如魔兽世界、暗黑破坏神 II:狱火重生)或者办公软件(如 Office 365)都像原生程序一样,双击图标即可。
CrossOver 的系统要求:
兼容 x86 的操作系统
Python 3.5 或更高版本
GTK 3.18 或更高版本
PyGObject 3.20 或更高版本
带有 XRender 和 GLX 支持的 X.Org
1 GB 磁盘空间(Windows 应用程序需要额外的空间)
我们在 Ubuntu、Debian、Fedora 和 Red Hat Enterprise Linux(RHEL)上进行了测试,但 CrossOver 的设计,使其能够在任何满足最低系统要求的 Linux 发行版上运行。
注意: 如果您使用的 CrossOver 版本发布时间早于您使用的 Linux 版本的发布时间,我们无法保证它可以在您的 Linux 上运行。
The CrossOver installer is available in a Debian-based (.deb
) format, RPM-based (.rpm
) format, and a generic (.bin
) format. The .deb
and .rpm
files install at the system level, while the .bin
file can be installed at the system or user level. To download CrossOver, go to the CodeWeavers Website.
使用 .deb
安装包时,CrossOver 将安装到系统目录,所有用户都有权限访问 CrossOver。CrossOver 默认安装在 /opt/cxoffice,Windows 应用程序将被安装到 ~/.cxoffice。对基于 Debian 的发行版,如 Ubuntu 或 Mint,请使用 .deb
安装包。
(1) 在您的文件管理器中找到 .deb
安装包。
(2) Double-click the .deb
file to install CrossOver.
(1) 打开一个终端会话窗口。
(2) 输入 sudo apt update
,并按下 回车键。
(3) 进入到存储 CrossOver 安装包的目录。
(4) 输入 sudo apt install ./crossover_24.0.4-1.deb
,并按下 回车键。
使用 .rpm
安装包时,CrossOver 将安装到系统目录,所有用户都有权限访问 CrossOver。CrossOver 默认安装在 /opt/cxoffice,Windows 应用程序将被安装到 ~/.cxoffice。对基于 RPM 的发行版,如 RHEL 或 Fedora,请使用 .rpm
安装包。
(1) 在您的文件管理器中找到 .rpm
安装包。
(2) Right-click the .rpm
file and choose Open With Software Install.
(1) 打开一个终端会话窗口。
(2) 输入 sudo dnf update
,并按下 回车键。
(3) 进入到存储 CrossOver 安装包的目录。
(4) 输入 sudo dnf local install ./crossover-24.0.4-1.rpm
,并按下 回车键。
When you use the generic shell (.bin
) installer, CrossOver can be installed at the system or user level. The generic .bin
installer is compatible with various Linux distros. However, the installer does not automatically install dependencies.
建议您在安装 CrossOver 之前,先根据您使用的发行版的推荐将系统更新到最新版本。
CrossOver 安装在用户目录时,只有该用户有权限安装和运行 Windows 软件。CrossOver 默认安装在 ~/cxoffice,Windows 应用程序将被安装到 ~/.cxoffice。
为一个用户单独安装:
(1) 以该用户的身份登录。
(2) 打开一个终端会话窗口。
(3) 进入到存储 CrossOver 安装包的目录。
(4) 输入 chmod +x install-crossover-24.0.4.bin
以设置文件为可执行文件,按下 回车键。
(5) 输入 ./install-crossover-24.0.4.bin
并按下 回车键。
当 CrossOver 安装在系统目录时,系统上所有用户都有权限安装和运行 Windows 软件。CrossOver 默认安装在 /opt/cxoffice,Windows 应用程序将被安装到 ~/.cxoffice。
安装到系统目录:
(1) 打开一个终端会话窗口。
(2) 进入到存储 CrossOver 安装包的目录。
(3) 输入 chmod +x install-crossover-24.0.4.bin
以设置文件为可执行文件,按下 回车键。
(4) 输入 sudo ./install-crossover-24.0.4.bin
并按下 回车键。
If you haven’t registered CrossOver it will start in trial mode. To continue using CrossOver in trial mode, click Try Now. The CrossOver trial has all the functionality of the full version. However, after 14 days, installed Windows applications are disabled. CrossOver periodically prompts you to register before the trial period ends.
Clicking Buy Now opens the CodeWeavers store. If you have already purchased CrossOver, click Register.
Clicking Buy opens the CodeWeavers store. If you have already purchased CrossOver, click Unlock with Purchase Info.
启动 CrossOver 后,您可以通过点击 CrossOver > 解锁 CrossOver 进行激活。
Enter the email address and password associated with your codeweavers.com account in the CrossOver Trial dialog box and click Unlock.
注意: 如果是为系统上所有用户激活,您需要提供 Mac 用户名和密码。
You can unlock CrossOver by going to the CrossOver main menu and selecting Unlock CrossOver.
Enter the email address and password associated with your codeweavers.com account in the Unlock CrossOver dialog box and click Unlock.
To open the Unlock CrossOver dialog for a system-level install, use the following command:
$ sudo -H /opt/cxoffice/bin/cxregister
To open the Unlock CrossOver dialog for a user-level install, use the following command:
$ sudo -H ~/cxoffice/bin/cxregister
If you purchased CrossOver from codeweavers.com, an activation code is not needed to register.
However, if you bought CrossOver from a third party and received an activation code, click Enter an Activation Code on the Unlock CrossOver dialog box.
However, if you bought CrossOver from a third party and received an activation code, click Enter an Activation Code on the CrossOver Trial dialog box.
To complete the Enter Activation Code form you will need to enter either your existing codeweavers.com account information, or your email address and a new password to create a codeweavers.com account.
CrossOver 将 Windows 应用程序安装到容器中。一个容器就是一个虚拟的 Windows 环境(例如,Windows XP 或者 Windows 10),自带 C: 盘、字体、注册表和软件。您可以在一个容器中安装多个程序,但一般情况下,CrossOver 会为每个应用程序创建一个新的容器。
将应用程序存放在不同的容器中,可以防止它们相互影响。举例来说,您可以在一个容器中测试一个特定程序的新版本,而在另一个容器中保持您原来的版本。当某个应用程序需要特殊设置时,多容器也是很有用的。
应用程序通常分为两大类:
在列表中的应用程序 — 应用程序在列表中表明该应用存在于 CrossOver 数据库中。CrossOver 确认了尽可能多的安装详情。
未列出的应用程序 — 应用程序不在列表里表明该应用不存在于 CrossOver 数据库中。CrossOver 不会为未列出的应用程序预设任何安装详细信息。
(1) 在 安装 界面的搜索栏中输入应用程序的名字。CrossOver 会列出所匹配到的应用程序。
(2) Click the application's tile to proceed to the install details. If the application is not listed, see the next section on installing an unlisted application.
如果应用程序在互联网上是免费提供的,CrossOver 会自动下载安装包文件及其所需的依赖。当安装详情中的每一项都是打勾的标记时,您不需要任何额外的配置。请点击 安装 继续下一步。
下载链接无效或者需要登录凭证,导致 CrossOver 无法获取安装程序时,您需要提供保存安装文件的位置。
(1) 请点击 编辑 以访问您的文件系统。
(2) 导航到您的安装文件所在的位置。
(3) 请选择文件,然后单击 选择安装包。
(4) 当安装详情的每一项都有打勾标记时,点击 安装。
Note: You can also use the Edit buttons to override the default selections. Even when CrossOver downloads an installer automatically, you can click Edit to select a different installer that you have downloaded to your machine. You can also click the Edit button next to the bottle information if you wish to install your application into a different bottle type from the one CrossOver automatically selected.
To access additional install options, click the dropdown menu to the right of Install and select Advanced Options.
Create log file - To create a debug log during installation of a Windows application, select Create log file. The Wine logging channels field is automatically populated with some of most useful logging channels. You can also manually enter different ones or click the plus sign to select channels from the menu. If you want to change the save location for the log file, update the path in the Log file field. Click Done to return to the Install screen.
Application language - If more than one language is available for an application, you can use the dropdown menu to change the language.
Items to install - Some Windows applications require the installation of additional dependencies to run well with CrossOver. Many of our install profiles select the required dependencies automatically. You can also add dependencies to install by clicking the Add button. To remove dependencies that CrossOver added, click Remove. To undo any changes, click Revert. Click Done to return to the Install screen.
安装期间,Windows 软件可能会提示您输入(例如,语言选择、最终用户协议许可等)。如果您发现安装程序突然没有响应了,请不要直接点击 取消,在此之前请先检查是否有 Windows 程序对话框。取消安装可能会导致一些无法恢复的问题,甚至需要您删除目标容器。
您的安装程序可能会需要您的输入才能完成设置。比如说,Notepad++ 安装完毕后,您需要点击 完成 关闭安装程序。
应用程序安装完毕后,CrossOver 会在 主页 和放置应用程序的容器中创建对应的图标。
未列出的应用程序可能无法正确运行,或者根本无法运行。因此,我们建议您将未列出的应用程序安装在单独的容器里。将其安装到现有的容器可能会造成同容器中的其他 Windows 应用程序无法正常运行。
如果您要安装一个不在列表里的应用程序,请在 安装 页面执行以下操作:
(1) 点击 安装一个不在列表里的应用程序。
(2) 单击 编辑 查看安装文件的详情。
(3) 导航到安装文件所在位置。
(4) 当安装详情的每一项都有打勾标记时,点击 安装。
(5) 点击 编辑 查看安装容器详情。
(6) 在 新容器的名字 中输入容器的名字。
(7) 在 新容器的类型 下拉菜单中选择一个容器类型。
注意: 如果您在安装未列出的应用程序过程中碰到问题,请查阅 CrossOver 兼容中心。
Some Windows applications have standalone executables (.exe) that can be run without being installed. These programs can also be run with CrossOver.
(1) From the main menu, go to Bottle > New Bottle. Enter a name for the bottle, select a bottle type, and click Create.
(2) Select the bottle you just created in the left sidebar and then click Run Command.
(3) Click Browse, select the .exe you want to run and click Run.
(4) To make it easier in the future to run the application, you can click Create Launcher. This creates a launcher icon for the selected executable in your bottle. If the executable is moved or deleted, this launcher icon will stop working. Make sure the executable is saved somewhere that won’t change.
To launch a Windows application from CrossOver, double-click the application icon. You can do this from the individual bottle view or the Home view.
The Home view displays icons for all installed Windows applications. This view can be customized to show only the icons that you want to see. To remove an icon, right-click and select Hide from Home.
从主页中隐藏图标并不会将应用程序从您的磁盘中删除,也不会影响应用程序的运行。
如果您想要在 主页 中恢复隐藏的图标,只需选择容器,然后右键点击图标选择 在“主页”中显示。
When you install a Windows application, CrossOver creates an application icon in your Launchpad. Locate the Windows application icon in Launchpad and launch the program by double-clicking. You can also drag the Windows application icon from Launchpad, or from CrossOver's main window, to your Dock for easier access.
Note that when you launch a Windows application CrossOver will also open.
CrossOver 将 Windows 应用程序集成到您的原生桌面环境。比如,在像 Xfce 这样使用分层菜单的系统中,CrossOver 会在菜单中创建 Windows 应用程序的快捷方式。在像 GNOME 这样的环境中,您可以使用桌面的搜索功能找到应用程序的快捷方式。如果您无法找到快捷方式,请参考 命令行 一节从 CrossOver 中运行应用程序。
当您使用 .bin
文件安装了 CrossOver,它会在 ~/cxoffice/bin
中创建启动应用程序的命令行快捷方式。例如,您安装了 Office 365,那么您可以通过以下命令运行 Microsoft Word:
$ ~/cxoffice/bin/winword
在 cxoffice.conf 文件中, PrivateShortcutDirs 设置了私有容器的快捷方式保存目录,而 ManagedShortcutDirs 设置的是已发布容器的保存目录。
如果 Windows 应用程序允许,您可以通过将文档的路径作为参数,使用快捷方式打开。比如:
$ ~/cxoffice/bin/winword letter.doc
您可以通过以下命令查看可供使用的快捷方式:
$ grep -l desktopdata/cxmenu ~/cxoffice/bin/*
Using the command line to start a program launches the most recently installed version. So, for instance, if you install Word 2013 in one bottle and then install Word 2016 in another, the winword
shortcut will start Word 2016.
wine --cx-app
启动应用程序时使用 --cx-app
参数,指定容器和可执行文件的名字。比如,Microsoft Word 的可执行文件是 winword.exe
,那么运行命令如下:
$ /opt/cxoffice/bin/wine --bottle bottle-name --cx-app winword.exe
或者,为单用户安装:
$ ~/cxoffice/bin/wine --bottle bottle-name --cx-app winword.exe
同样的,打开一个 Word 文档:
$ ~/cxoffice/bin/wine --bottle bottle-name --cx-app winword.exe letter.doc
您可以通过以下命令,查看所有可以使用 --cx-app
参数的应用程序列表:
$ find "~/.cxoffice" -iname "*.exe"
系统上有些 .exe
文件是系统工具或其它应用程序的子组件,运行这种文件可能会产生无法预知的或者具有破坏力的错误。因此,使用这种方式运行 Windows 应用程序绝不是一个推荐方式,除非您了解它的来源和目的。
CrossOver 将 Windows 应用程序安装到容器里。一个容器内置了 C: 盘以及所有的标准文件夹(例如,Windows 和 Program Files 目录),除此之外还有:
注册表。
CrossOver 配置。
一个或多个 Windows 应用程序。
已保存的用户数据。
除非您另外指定,CrossOver 会将每个应用程序分别安装到独立的新的容器中。
当某个应用程序需要特殊的系统设置时,使用多个容器对应用程序进行管理尤其有用。多容器还可以让您在不同的容器中模拟不同的 Windows 版本。例如,您的某个旧应用程序在 Windows XP 的运行效果最好,但另外一个新应用程序却需要 Windows 10 的系统才能运行,这时您就可以通过不同的容器来安装这两个应用程序。
选中一个容器后,CrossOver 会显示 带选项运行 和 运行命令 按钮,同时,右侧会有 容器操作、高级选项、控制面板 以及 容器详情 等菜单栏。
Run Command — Access a Windows command prompt in CrossOver to run standard Wine tools (e.g., regedit or notepad) or applications without icons or shortcuts. Click Browse to access the contents of the bottle’s C: drive. You may need to hunt around to find the correct file. An excellent place to start your search is in Program Files. Once you have located and selected the .exe file, click Run.
If you need to run the same command regularly, create a shortcut for it by clicking Create Launcher.
Helpful shortcuts that allow you to manage a bottle's environment in CrossOver.
Quit All Applications — Close all applications in the selected bottle. If an application is unstable or not responding and quitting the bottle fails, selecting Quit All Applications stops all processes still running inside the bottle. This may result in lost work if you have unsaved changes. If quitting is not successful, Quit All Applications becomes Force Quit instead.
Delete Bottle — Permanently delete the selected bottle. This action cannot be undone.
DXVK — DXVK is a Vulkan-based translation layer for Direct3D 10 and 11. When enabled, DXVK is used instead of the wined3d default. Some games run better with DXVK, while others run better with wined3d.
ESync — Eventfd-based synchronization. Some applications run with better performance with ESync enabled, some applications show no difference, and some applications are broken by ESync.
高分辨率模式 — 高分辨率模式开关。启用后,Wine 配置里的 DPI 会设置成跟当前显示的 DPI 值一致。这使得应用程序可以在高 DPI 显示器上以正确的尺寸绘制。 注意: 当 DPI 的值不是默认设置的 96 时,部分应用程序可能无法正确渲染。
除了与 Windows 应用程序一起安装的工具之外,CrossOver 还提供了几个内置的控制面板工具。
如果您的应用程序在 CrossOver 上无法运行,您可以尝试使用这些工具进行调整,但它们不一定总是可以解决问题。
Wine 配置 — 可对容器进行一系列的设置,以解决一些系统集成问题。
游戏控制器 — 游戏控制器或操纵杆的设置。
编辑程序关联 — 编辑 CrossOver 安装的文件类型关联。当容器或程序间有文件类型冲突时,可以使用该功能解决问题。
编辑菜单 — 通常菜单中显示的应用图标会比您想要安装的应用程序的数量更多。该控制面板可以让您将不需要的应用图标隐藏,简化系统菜单。
模拟重启 — 为所选的容器模拟一次 Windows 重启。
任务管理器 — 显示所选容器中正在运行的进程的列表。当您需要终止某些无响应的进程时,任务管理器非常有用。
Internet 设置 — 网络的设置。
Shows a list of Windows applications and components in a bottle. There is also a Description field where you can enter notes specific to this bottle.
To uninstall an application from a bottle, right-click on name of the application in the list and select Uninstall. Follow the Windows prompts to uninstall the application.
Note: This action is irreversible. If you delete an application that another application depends on, your entire bottle could stop working.
容器 子菜单中可以看到更多操作容器的命令。
New Bottle — Creates an empty bottle and allows you to choose the Windows version of the bottle.
Duplicate Bottle — Creates an exact copy of the bottle. You can select a new name for the duplicate bottle before it is created.
Rename Bottle — Makes the bottle name field editable so a bottle can be renamed.
Export Bottle to Archive — Create a compressed copy of the selected bottle. Select a name and save location for the archive and click Save. The bottle status will change to archiving while the archive is being created, and the bottle will be unusable until the archive is complete. We recommend creating a bottle archive before installing new software or modifying bottle settings in case you need to revert the bottle to a previous state. Bottle archives can also be used to move a bottle to a new machine.
.cxarchive
file you want to restore, select it and click Restore. Your imported bottle will appear in the left sidebar.
Publish Bottle — Publish a copy of the selected bottle. This allows all users of your system have access to the bottle’s applications and data. Bottles are private when first created. Private bottles are accessible only to the user who created them via that user's home folder.
注意: CrossOver 将发布的容器保存在公开的目录(~/cxoffice
)中。
CrossOver 的偏好设置是基于每个用户单独存储的,所以您修改的偏好设置并不会影响到系统上的其它用户。您可以选择主菜单中的 偏好设置 对 CrossOver 的设置进行修改。
自动下载新的应用程序安装脚本 — 应用程序安装脚本,是应用程序安装和运行所需要的一系列已知的设置和依赖。勾选该选项可以自动从 CodeWeavers 网站获得新的脚本来更新 CrossOver。
定期检查 CrossOver 更新 — CrossOver 在发布的两个大版本之间,偶尔也会有小版本的发布。勾选该选项后,CrossOver 将会自动检查是否有可用更新。
Submitting Ratings — When this option is selected, CrossOver reminds you to submit ratings for installed applications. Ratings help us improve future versions of CrossOver and inform other users how well applications work with CrossOver.
Include Entries for Untested and Known-Not-To-Work Software — By default, CrossOver will display entries for all applications. You can toggle this setting off to hide all one-star, two-star, and unrated applications.
安装推荐的 Linux 安装包 — CrossOver 运行 Windows 应用程序需要很多 Linux 库的支持。勾选该选项,CrossOver 将自动安装缺失的 Linux 库。
Downloaded Installers — When CrossOver obtains an installer file during the install process, it keeps a copy of that file for future installs. If you need free disk space or are experiencing issues reinstalling software, click Clear to remove cached files. Installer files are located in the .cxoffice/installers
directory.
Use Default Window Decorations — When enabled CrossOver will use standard window manager controls to draw its menu bar instead of displaying a single-button hamburger menu.
This command recreates the Windows application icons that CrossOver generates when a program is installed. If you are trying to launch your Windows application from its icon in Launchpad or the Dock and nothing happens, use this menu option and see if the regenerated Windows application icon works again.
Antivirus software can incorrectly flag and delete CrossOver files, which results in CrossOver not working correctly. This command will rescan your bottles and attempt to repair the files that the antivirus program corrupted.
More details on how to prevent your antivirus software from mistakenly flagging CrossOver can be found be found by clicking the Learn More button or at this support article.
CrossOver automatically checks for updates on launch, but you can also manually check for new releases from the CrossOver > Check For Updates menu. If a new update is available CrossOver will download it, apply the changes, and reopen. If there is an update available, but your license has expired, you will be prompted to visit the CodeWeavers store to renew.
如需获取更多关于 CrossOver 的帮助,请前往我们的 技术支持页面。您也可以从 CodeWeavers 的网站 进入页面,先展开 CodeWeavers 网站右上角的菜单,然后点击 获取支持。
支持页还有教程以及 Mac(1)、Linux(2)和 ChromeOS(3)的常见问题解决方案,还有包含了应用程序评分以及其它相关的应用信息的兼容数据库(4)。
CrossOver 为 CodeWeavers 公司所有商标。Linux 为 Linus Torvalds 所有注册商标。Windows 所有为微软公司注册商标。所有其他商标和注册商标均归其各自公司所有。